Mali
Military: MALI
Military branches:
Malian Armed Forces: Army (Armee de Terre), Republic of Mali Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Republique du Mali, FARM), National Guard (Garde National du Mali) (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 2,848,412
females age 16-49: 2,981,106 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,825,779
females age 16-49: 1,968,563 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 158,031
female: 159,733 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
country comparison to the world: 113
Transnational Issues: MALI
Disputes - international:
demarcation is underway with Burkina Faso
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 12,436 (Mauritania) (2012)
IDPs: 353,455 (Tuareg rebellion since 2012) (2013)
Trafficking in persons:
current situation: Mali is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; women and girls are forced into domestic servitude, agricultural labor, and support roles in gold mines, as well as subjected to sex trafficking; Malian boys are found in conditions of forced labor in agricultural settings, gold mines, and the informal commercial sector, as well as forced begging both within Mali and neighboring countries; Malians and other Africans who travel through Mali to Mauritania, Algeria, or Libya in hopes of reaching Europe are particularly at risk of becoming victims of human trafficking; men and boys, primarily of Songhai ethnicity, are subjected to the longstanding practice of debt bondage in the salt mines of Taoudenni in northern Mali; some members of Mali's black Tamachek community are subjected to traditional slavery-related practices, and this involuntary servitude reportedly has extended to their children; reports indicate that non-governmental armed groups operating in northern Mali recruited children as combatants, cooks, porters, guards, spies, and sex slaves
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Mali does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; although the government enacted a comprehensive anti-trafficking law in 2012, it did not demonstrate evidence of overall increasing efforts to address human trafficking over the previous year; the government has failed to prosecute or convict any trafficking offenders, has not provided any direct services to victims, and has not made any tangible prevention efforts; the government continues to cite a lack of personnel and resources as reasons for its inability to adequately identify and rescue child victims of forced labor in the mining industry (2013)