Papua New Guinea
Military: PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Military branches:
Papua New Guinea Defense Force (PNGDF; includes Maritime Operations Element, Air Operations Element) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
16 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; graduation from grade 12 required (2013)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,568,210
females age 16-49: 1,478,965 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,130,951
females age 16-49: 1,137,753 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 67,781
female: 65,820 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
country comparison to the world: 163
Transnational Issues: PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Disputes - international:
relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 9,368 (Indonesia) (2012)
Trafficking in persons:
current situation: Papua New Guinea is a source, destination, and transit country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; women and children are subjected to sex trafficking and domestic servitude; families may sell girls into forced marriages to settle debts, leaving them vulnerable to forced domestic service; local and Chinese men are forced to labor in logging and mining camps; migrant women from Malaysia, Thailand, China, and the Philippines are subjected to sex trafficking and domestic servitude at logging and mining camps, fisheries, and entertainment sites
tier rating: Tier 3 - Papua New Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; despite acknowledging trafficking as a problem, the government has not enacted legislation to criminalize all forms of trafficking, investigated any suspected trafficking offenses, prosecuted or convicted any trafficking offenders under existing laws, addressed allegations of officials being complicit in human trafficking crimes, or identified or assisted any trafficking victims; Papua New Guinea is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol
Illicit drugs:
major consumer of cannabis